Application Note

Advanced Frequency Switching with RF / Microwave Signal Generators

The Model 855B Multi-Channel Signal Source can now be ordered with Phase-Coherent Switching (Option PHS), letting users maintain a relative phase relationship between several channels as frequencies are toggled.

RF & Microwave Signal Generators · Model 855B

(San Rafael, CA) Berkeley Nucleonics Corporation offers the most comprehensive option package for high speed frequency switching in 6GHz, 12GHz, 20GHz, 33GHz and 40GHz signal generators. The company's flagship Multi-Channel Signal Source, the Model 855B, can now be ordered with Phase-Coherent Switching (Option PHS) which allows users to maintain a relative phase relationship between several channels when frequencies are toggled. A simple example follows:

Berkeley Nucleonics Model 855B four-channel RF and microwave signal source, 1U rack unit with RF OUT 1 through RF OUT 4 front-panel connectors
Berkeley Nucleonics Model 855B Multi-Channel Signal Source.

With 2 phase coherent signals at frequency (F1) and relative phase (ɸ), signal 2 undergoes frequency switching (F1, F2, F1). Following the sequence, the 2 signals once again have the same relative phase (ɸ).

Plot of two phase coherent signals versus time. Signal 1 runs continuously while Signal 2 is switched from F1 to F2 and back to F1; the relative phase difference delta phi is the same before and after the switch.
Phase-Coherent Switching: Signal 2 switches frequency (F1, F2, F1) and returns to the same relative phase (Δɸ) as Signal 1.

Additional work has been done on the phase memory of the output signal. With phase memory, users can run a frequency shift (F1, F2, F1) and the signal's phase resumes at the position it would have been had it run continuously at frequency (F1). A simple example of phase memory follows:

Plot of phase memory versus time. The continuous signal and the switched signal are compared; after a frequency shift from F1 to F2 and back to F1, the switched signal resumes at the same phase position it would have held had it run continuously at F1.
Phase Memory: after a frequency shift (F1, F2, F1) the switched signal resumes the phase it would have held had it run continuously at F1.

Advancements in switching performance are critical for applications Radar Simulation, Phased Array Antenna Test and Beam Forming because users wish to generate a sequence of RF pulses with well defined frequency, power and phase. Using Phase Coherent Switching and defined Phase Memory, radar signal simulation can be further refined to address electronic countermeasures, effects of environmental disturbances (clutter) and issues at various points along the signal path. Radar systems are now required to address multiple functions, from search to scan to track to map. The Model 855B with PHS helps meet these objectives by advancing your RF/Microwave signal generation capability.